Posts Tagged vision loss

New Research on Vitamins May Reduce Macular Degeneration

As the population ages, Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is becoming more prevalent. Two recent studies about different vitamins may hold the answer to managing and slowing down the deleterious effects of this serious disease.

The first study shows that people with increased levels of vitamin D are less likely to have an early onset of this sight-threatening condition.  In this study, women who consumed the most vitamin D had a 59 percent lower risk of developing AMD, compared to age-matched women who took in the least vitamin D.

macular generation photoVitamin D is available in many foods and  is produced naturally by your body during exposure to the sun’s UV rays.  Still, many experts recommend taking a daily supplement to increase your vitamin D levels.

Meanwhile, scientists at Columbia University are trying to slow down the progrrssion of AMD by slowing down the buildup of vitamin A in the eye.

In order for the retina to process light, vitamin A has to undergo a series of chemical transformations, which often causes the vitamin to form ‘clumpy’ deposits. These deposits are the basis of AMD.

Now a team at the department of ophthalmology at Columbia’s Harkness Eye Institute, have synthesized a modified vitamin A drug.  By feeding this artificial vitamin A to healthy mice, the experts were able to reduce the amount of vitamin A deposits without any noticeable side effects. These findings may eventually help to reduce the risk of, and in some cases stop, the condition in its tracks.

While these two studies show hope in the treatment of AMD, until more concrete results are produced patients need to take the condition seriously. Anyone with a family history of Macular Degeneration should visit their optometrist yearly for a comprehensive eye exam. If your eye doctor has seen early signs of AMD, your may need to be seen more frequently.

 

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A New Implantable Microchip May Create a 'Bionic Eye'

Bionic Vision Australia (BVA), an Australian research group, is getting close to implanting a microchip into a human retina and creating the first bionic eye.

Associate Professor Gregg Suaning, of the Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering and a project leader said the new, 98-channel microchip, now undergoing preliminary lab testing, was a major step towards the goal of a functional bionic eye. He went on to say:

This is a remarkable new microchip that has brought an Australian retinal implant much closer to reality.

At only five square millimetres, the device is tiny but represents a significant advance in nerve stimulation technology. The design team incorporated never-before attempted features with this design and they absolutely nailed every aspect. The result is mind boggling.

The advanced prototype of this new bionic eye uses a pair of glasses with a camera that wirelessly transfers data to the microchip implanted in the retina and stimulating the nerves needed for vision.

The first human trials will begin in 2013.

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Macular Degeneration Is Actually Decreasing Despite An Aging Population

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The number of Americans with Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) has been decreasing lately, despite what experts have warned for years.  Researchers are unsure, but believe this is because of healthier lifestyles.

“The decreasing prevalence of ARMD may reflect recent changes in the frequency of smoking and other exposures such as diet, physical activity, and blood pressure associated with ARMD,” the researchers stated  in their paper.

With increased life expectancy and an increase in the number of baby boomers, we’ve been expecting a rise in this potentially vision threatening disease.

The  prevalence of ARMD among adults age 40 and older was an estimated 6.5 percent today, which represented a decrease by a whopping 30.8% compared to 1988-1994.

This is, of course, good news as ARMD is one of the nations leading causes of vision loss affecting millions of Americans.  Macular Degeneration has a large genetic component so it’s important for you to try to find out your family history and get your eyes checked frequently.

The only management for the most common ‘dry’ form ARMD is certain nutritional suppliments, antioxidents and omega-3 fatty acids.  This has only been shown to slow the progress of the disease.

For the more severe ‘wet’ form, anti-VEGF injections directly into the eye have shown some improvement in vision.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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Stem Cell Trial for AMD Approved

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By John Gever, Senior Editor, MedPage Today
Published: January 06, 2011

A clinical trial of a human embryonic stem cell (ESC) therapy for age-related macular degeneration has been approved by the FDA, making it the first such study for a common disease.

Advanced Cell Technology, based in Marlborough, Mass., said it had received the agency’s clearance to begin a phase I/II trial in 12 patients with age-related “dry” macular degeneration, which affects about 10 to 15 million people in the U.S.

Patients will receive implants with retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from the company’s ESC lines.

Other clinical trials of ESC-based therapies are under way or approved to begin, but they have been for comparatively rare conditions: certain severe spinal cord injuries and Stargardt’s macular dystrophy, a childhood-onset form of blindness that resembles age-related macular degeneration.

Advanced Cell Technology is also conducting the latter trial, using the same ESC-derived RPE cells. The two studies will run simultaneously, the company said.

In a statement, the company’s chief scientific officer, Robert Lanza, MD, said that 50,000 to 200,000 cells would be implanted beneath the retina in each patient in the open-label macular degeneration trial.

The relatively small cell numbers mean “manufacturing and distribution of the therapeutic product is scalable,” Lanza said.

Studies with its lab-grown RPE cells in rodent models of macular degeneration and Stargardt’s disease have demonstrated improvements in visual function, according to the company.

Both clinical trials are designed primarily to assess safety and tolerability.

Clinical sites for the macular degeneration study have not yet been finalized, but Advanced Cell Technology listed centers at UCLA and Stanford as under consideration.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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A New Pathway For Glaucoma Has Been Discovered

In a new study, researchers identified an unexpected biological pathway that appears to contribute to the development of glaucoma and its resulting vision loss.

Prior research has suggested that the optic nerve head, the point where the cables that carry information from the eye to the brain first exit the eye, plays a role in glaucoma.

In this study, researchers found abnormal forms certain proteins that are also known for their key role in cell loss in Parkinson’s disease. The findings suggest that a biological process similar to Parkinson’s disease unfolds in glaucoma at the optic nerve head.

Dr. Nicholas Marsh-Armstrong, senior study author and a research scientist at Kennedy Krieger Institute added:

These findings are very exciting because they give us several novel targets for future interventions. I believe these findings put us on the cusp of discovering a treatment for glaucoma that may also have relevance for a number of other neurodegenerative diseases.

Future studies will examine this novel pathway and molecular/cellular mechanism to understand precisely what steps go awry in glaucoma and what can be controlled pharmacologically to identify interventions that slow the disease progression.

Dr. Marsh-Armstrong and other scientists at Kennedy Krieger Institute collaborated on this study with colleagues at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, Cardiff University in England, and the University of Murcia in Spain.

Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes blindness by damaging the optic nerve, which sends signals from the eye to the brain. It affects more than 60 million people and is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. While older individuals are at higher risk for the disease, babies and children are also susceptible to glaucoma, especially those with certain neurological disorders.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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An Eye-For-An-Eye? Man sentenced to be blinded with acid

Wow. It seems the “eye-for-an-eye” legal code is still is use.

In Iran, a man has been sentenced to blinding by acid after he blinded another man by throwing acid in his face.

The convict, named only as Mojtaba, 25, threw acid in the face of Alireza, 25, a taxi driver in Iran’s clerical hub city of Qom, after an “illicit affair” with the victim’s wife, Mojdeh.

The supreme court has upheld a lower court ruling that Mojtaba be blinded with drops of acid. This is in line with Islamic justice, which in cases of violent crimes allows for “qisas,” or eye-for-an-eye retribution.  In this unfortunate instance, they mean that literally.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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Make a New Year’s Resolution to Schedule an Eye Exam

CHICAGO (Dec. 21, 2010) – As 2011 nears, many will be making New Year’s resolutions to improve their health. However, many may not be aware that an eye exam cannot only help to protect vision, it can uncover evidence of other diseases including diabetes or hypertension.

And, for eye diseases such as glaucoma, the damaging effects may be detected through an eye exam before a patient notices any symptoms. In fact, patients in the early stages of glaucoma usually have no symptoms, no noticeable vision loss and no pain, which is why it is called the “sneak thief of sight.” By the time symptoms start to appear, some permanent damage to the eye has usually occurred.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world and the leading cause of blindness in African American and Hispanic populations in America. According to the study “Vision Problems in the U.S.” by Prevent Blindness America and the National Eye Institute (NEI), there are nearly 2.3 million Americans ages 40 and older who have glaucoma.

Glaucoma is an eye disease that causes loss of sight by damaging a part of the eye called the optic nerve. This nerve sends information from the eyes to the brain. When the optic nerve is damaged, peripheral vision begins to diminish. If left untreated, over time, glaucoma may also damage central vision. Unfortunately, once vision is lost to glaucoma, it cannot be restored. Vision loss can be lessened, however, if glaucoma is detected and treated early.

Prevent Blindness America has joined other leading eye care groups to build awareness during January’s National Glaucoma Awareness Month to educate the public on what they can do to help save their vision.

“Our key message is that, unfortunately, there is no cure for glaucoma. But the good news is that if detected and treated early, the effects of vision loss can be diminished,” said Hugh R. Parry, president and CEO of Prevent Blindness America. “We hope everyone has a happy and healthy 2011 and that it includes a visit to the eye doctor.”

Prevent Blindness America offers a dedicated website for free information on glaucoma at preventblindness.org/glaucoma.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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Just In Time For the Holidays!

On this day in December, it’s apropro that a patient presented with what can only be called a grinch – stealing vision from patients both good and bad.

I’m referring to a “christmas tree cataract.”

A christmas tree cataract gets its name from the red and green irridescent refractile crystals that form inside of the natural lens in the eye. These crystals are only visible with the high-powered microscopes your eye doctor uses.

This type of cataract occurs with aging but is very common in patients with myotonic dystrophy. Surgery is required soon after onset to restore vision.

The name of this cataract is a reminder this holiday season about the importance of regular eye exams. My patient today didn’t have any visual symptoms, but I was able to educate her on her eyes and the future course of her condition.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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Healthy Habits Can Cut Your Risk of Eye Disease

A new study has suggested that women who exercise, eat right, and don’t smoke can possibly cut their risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by more than two-thirds.

The authors wrote:

Adopting these healthy habits may markedly lower the prevalence of early AMD, the number of people who develop advanced AMD in their lifetime, and healthcare costs associated with treatment for this condition.

Participants in the study previously gave researchers a detailed dietary and lifestyle history about six years before AMD was assessed, making them ideal to look at to examine links between behavioral factors and AMD,  a leading cause of vision loss among U.S. adults ages 60 and older.

Self-reported diets at baseline were scored according to the content of relatively healthy foods, such as whole grains, vegetables and fruits, and milk, as well as unhealthy foods including saturated fats, sodium, and added sugar.

Responses to questionnaire items on recreational and household physical activity were translated into estimated energy expenditures, expressed as metabolic energy task-hours (MET-hours) per week.

Lowered associations with AMD risk were found to be statistically significant for both diet and exercise. Interestingly, smoking by itself was not a particularly strong risk factor for AMD in this study. Compared with participants who never smoked.

But all three factors combined were a powerful indicator of AMD risk  ompared to women who practiced good diet and exercise habits.

The observational study provided no hard evidence for a causal mechanism, but the researchers suggested that healthy lifestyles may keep blood pressure down, which, in turn, could reduce AMD risk.

Behavioral factors can also affect the composition of macular pigment which potentially makes the macula more or less vulnerable to various pathologies such as oxidative damage – which causes AMD.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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Emma Thompson’s Mother Fears the Oscar Winner May Go Blind

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From the Herald Scotland:

Phyllida Law, the actress, has spoken about her fear that the blindness that struck her mother in later life will affect her daughters, Oscar-winner Emma Thompson and actress Sophie Thompson.

Glasgow-born Law, who has appeared in many of Emma’s films, including Nanny McPhee and Peter’s Friends, will appear on BBC Radio 4 next Sunday telling her personal and emotional story as part of the eye research charity Fight for Sight’s Christmas appeal.

Speaking exclusively to the Sunday Herald, the 78-year-old recalled how her mother’s glaucoma severely affected the last decade of her life. Law now suffers from the condition herself and fears the problem will, in turn, affect her daughters.

“She didn’t go completely blind, but her eyesight was extremely diminished,” she said. “Her ability to judge distance was diminished. She had tunnel vision really. She had to do things that blind people did, like put her finger on the top of a glass so she would know when it was full.

“Because of my mother’s condition, I was told rather firmly by the opthamologist to go get my eyes tested. I hadn’t had mine tested for ages.”

As a result, in 1993 Law was also diagnosed with glaucoma, but it was caught at a relatively early stage and was treatable. She needs eye-drops morning and night, which is “not inconvenient at all”.

“I’m a lucky one,” she said. “Glaucoma is rather creepy. You don’t know you have it because it doesn’t hurt. It means sometimes you don’t know you have it until it is too late. That’s what happened with my mother. She didn’t know she had it until it got really nasty.”

Glaucoma is the world’s second leading cause of sight loss. It occurs when pressure in the eye builds and, if untreated it severely damages the optic nerve. Around one in 50 people in the UK aged over 40 has glaucoma, rising to one in 10 over 75.

It is also hereditary. Once Law received her diagnosis she insisted Emma and Sophie be tested too. Their eyes are currently healthy, but Law still reminds them every year.

“Of course I worry about their sight,” she said. “I don’t get hysterical about it, but of course I worry. I’m a mother. I’m glad they get it checked.”

She said her concern for her loved ones was the reason for her fronting Fight for Sight’s Christmas appeal. Their work is “flipping brilliant”, she said. “Research happening now could not only improve treatments for me but could also save the sight of my children and grandchildren.”

Fight For Sight has been working in this area for 45 years. This year it spent £3 million funding research into ways of identifying glaucoma earlier and restoring sight lost through conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and diabetic eye disease.

This information is brought to you by Clarin Eye Care, a family Optometry practice in Palmetto Bay, Florida.  Please call or contact our office for more information.

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